Robert Indiana

“People don’t stop to think about how beautiful numbers are. Perhaps for the same reason that they don’t stop to think about how beautiful words are. […] It’s the role of the artist—my particular role, if you will—to make words and numbers very, very special.” 
—Robert Indiana

Indiana’s archetypal stacked LOVE composition, with its bold serif lettering of VE stacked beneath the L and off-kilter O, is one of the most ubiquitous works of art of the 20th century. LOVE WALL (1966-2006) consists of four of Indiana’s classic LOVE compositions arranged in mirrored orientations with the four Os joined at the center, constructing an impressive 12ft high, Cor-ten steel monument. LOVE WALL is a monumental and superlative example of Indiana’s practice. Belonging to a series of iconic paintings, sculptures, and prints dedicated to the theme of love that the artist commenced in the mid-1960s, the work is both accessible and complex in meaning. Layered with personal references, erotic metaphors, religious underpinnings, and socio-political commentary—particularly as a symbol of 1960s idealism—Indiana’s use of the word LOVE goes beyond the confines of cultures and language.

Cor-ten steel, noted for its distinct rust color and durability, represents a particularly meaningful medium for Indiana.  Initially developed for its industrial use, it was first employed by the artist in 1970 for his first monumental LOVE sculpture, which was installed at the entrance of Central Park in Doris C. Freedman Plaza and is now held in the permanent collection of the Indianapolis Museum of Art.  Its inaugural presentation in New York marked a watershed moment for public art and generated universal enthusiasm for large-scale outdoor sculpture—the significance of which persists today.

Indiana’s impulse to appropriate industrial materials was influenced, in part, by the alternative zeitgeist of the rising generation of artists in late 1950s New York, who (whilst Abstract Expressionism was flourishing uptown) developed a burgeoning interest for a different kind of art in Lower Manhattan’s deserted shipping lofts at Coenties Slip.  In his waterfront studio there, surrounded by relics of the old seaport including shipping equipment and metal stencils for signage from the seafaring days, Indiana began to incorporate the language and symbols that would become his signature elements.  These new forms tapped into the American experience in a mode both immediate and poetic and further built upon questions of national identity as propositioned by American modernists such as Charles Demuth, Marsden Hartley and Edward Hopper—all of whom transformed the vernacular, including industrial sources, into fine art.

Indiana’s ONE through ZERO articulates the artist’s fascination with numbers as the most fundamental organizing principles of the world.  “Numbers fill my life,” he has said.  “We are immersed in numbers from the day we are born.”  Comprised of ten individual sculptures, ONE through ZERO takes on a multitude of references that simultaneously hones in on autobiographical significances and conjures universal metaphors related to the sequential nature of life and death.  Many of these references manifest in Indiana’s dramatic use of contrasting colors—an impetus that was heavily influenced by his close friend and peer Ellsworth Kelly.  With ONE through ZERO, vivid greens, blues, yellows, reds and whites vie for attention, shining in high gloss, standing as pillars that the artist distinctly associates with the various stages of life from birth, infancy, youth and adolescence to the autumn of life, a sense of warning and ultimately the end of the cycle in ZERO.

Robert Indiana (b. 1928, New Castle, IN) currently lives and works in Vinalhaven, Maine. Indiana’s work has been featured in numerous solo and group exhibitions around the world, including a 2013 retrospective at the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York.  Recently, ONE through ZERO’s Cor-ten steel counterpart was exhibited at Philip Johnson’s historic Glass House landmark in Connecticut (2017) and LOVE WALL was installed on Park Avenue, 57th Street, New York (2008) as well as at the Duomo in Milan (2008).

Indiana’s work is represented in prominent institutional collections worldwide, including the Museum of Modern Art, New York; Whitney Museum of Art, New York; Art Institute of Chicago; Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Philadelphia Museum of Art; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; National Gallery of Art, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden and the Smithsonian Museum of American Art in Washington, D.C.; Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Menil Collection, Houston; Cleveland Museum of Art; The Israel Museum, Jerusalem; and Tate, London, among many other institutions.

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